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The shoulder joint has an incredible amount of range of motion but this comes at the cost of stability, leaving it highly vulnerable to injury, especially in yoga. In this lecture, we’ll dissect the anatomy of the shoulder and the critical role of the rotator cuff muscles: the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These four small but mighty muscles act as dynamic stabilizers, coordinating movement while keeping the humeral head centered in the socket. However, common yoga poses—like Chaturanga, arm balances, and deep backbends—can overload the rotator cuff, leading to impingement, tendinitis, or even tears. We’ll explore how rigid alignment rules, muscular imbalances, and repetitive stress turn ‘stretching’ into strain.

Rotator cuff injuries in yoga often stem from misaligned movement patterns, overstretching, or chronic overuse. Unlike acute tears from trauma, yoga-related injuries typically develop gradually, starting with inflammation (tendinitis) or fraying (tendinosis), and progressing to partial or full tears if ignored. Hypermobile students are especially at risk, as their lax ligaments place more demand on the rotator cuff for stabilization.

This is the rotator cuff lecture that I teach yoga teachers so that you understand why so many students experience this injury in yoga classes specifically!

 You just explored how the rotator cuff—a group of four small but vital muscles—acts as the shoulder’s stabilizer, not just a mover. When injured (through overuse, misalignment, or trauma), these muscles can lead to pain, weakness, and limited mobility, especially in yoga poses like Chaturanga or arm balances. Remember, strength and coordination matter more than flexibility. If you, or a student, is experiencing persistent shoulder pain, clicking, or weakness, consult a physical therapist or medical professional to assess your rotator cuff. For now, focus on controlled movement, avoid pushing into sharp pain, and prioritize stability over range. Your student’s shoulders will thank you!